1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

1.2 Other means of identification

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)	H302 Harmful if swallowed
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
Response	P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth.
Storage	none
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

3.Composition/information on ingredients

3.1 Substances

4.First-aid measures

4.1 Description of necessary first-aid measures

General advice

Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled

If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician.

In case of skin contact

Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact

Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.

If swallowed

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.

4.2 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed

Inhalation irritates respiratory system and causes sneezing, crying, and vomiting. Contact with liquid irritates eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. At high temperature and during sun exposure, damage to the cornea, skin, and mucous membranes may occur following the liberation of acridine vapor. (USCG, 1999)

4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary

Minimum/Potential Fatal Human Dose

3. 3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

ACRIDINE WAS RAPIDILY ACCUM FROM WATER BY FATHEAD MINNOWS. EQUIL CONCN WITHIN 24 HR @ CONCN FACTOR ((ACRIDINE)FISH,WET WT/(ACRIDINE)WATER) OF 125 +/- 10. DEPURATION WAS RAPID. NET ELIMINATION RATE WAS 0.23/HR (ACRIDINE)FISH @ EQUILIBRIUM.

5.Fire-fighting measures

5.1 Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

5.2 Specific hazards arising from the chemical

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire. Behavior in Fire: Sublimes before melting (USCG, 1999)

5.3 Special protective actions for fire-fighters

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

6.Accidental release measures

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8.

6.2 Environmental precautions

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

Pick up and arrange disposal. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

7.Handling and storage

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

...MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS...SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED...

8.Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1 Control parameters

Occupational Exposure limit values

no data available

Biological limit values

no data available

8.2 Appropriate engineering controls

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

8.3 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)

Eye/face protection

Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection

Wear impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Respiratory protection

Wear dust mask when handling large quantities.

Thermal hazards

no data available

9.Physical and chemical properties

10.Stability and reactivity

10.1 Reactivity

no data available

10.2 Chemical stability

VOLATILE WITH STEAM

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

ACRIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Burns to give toxic oxides of nitrogen.

10.4 Conditions to avoid

no data available

10.5 Incompatible materials

STABILITY: This chemical undergoes photo-oxidation after irradiation in indoor sunlight or by fluorescent light in organic solvents. Solutions of this chemical in benzene oxidize under the influence of light and air. Solutions of this chemical in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions.REACTIVITY: This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It readily undergoes nitration and halogenation. Ozone, chromic acid and chlorinating agents oxidize this compound. This chemical may react with organic and inorganic oxidants including various electrophiles, peroxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Hydrogenation occurs with platinum oxide.

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION, ACRIDINE EMITS TOXIC FUMES.

11.Toxicological information

Acute toxicity

• Oral: no data available
• Inhalation: no data available
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

no data available

Serious eye damage/irritation

no data available

Respiratory or skin sensitization

no data available

Germ cell mutagenicity

no data available

Carcinogenicity

EPA-B2, IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A2

Reproductive toxicity

no data available

STOT-single exposure

no data available

STOT-repeated exposure

no data available

Aspiration hazard

no data available

12.Ecological information

12.1 Toxicity

• Toxicity to fish: no data available
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: no data available
• Toxicity to algae: no data available
• Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available

12.2 Persistence and degradability

The biodegradation of acridine at concentrations from 0.1 to 20 mg/l was measured in river die-away tests using Green River water; over 11 days this compound was not significantly biodegraded at any measured concentration(1). Acridine at 500 mg/kg soil was measurably present for 83 days in chernozem soil samples at a temperature of 19°C(2). A half-life of 3 days in soil was reported for acridine when present at a concentration of 5 mg/kg(3). Acridine, initially present in a groundwater sample at 22.5 ug/ml, was inoculated with creosote-contaminated surface soil; 19, 37, 91.5, 91, and 91% of this compound was biodegraded following 1, 3, 5, 8, and 14 days incubation(4). The sterile control was not degraded over 14 days(4). During solid-phase bioremediation of creosote/PCP contaminated surface soils, unamended soils, containing acridine initially at 46.8 mg/landfarming chamber (3 kg) biodegraded this compound by 83% over 12 weeks(5). In similar experiments using surficial soil, 32% biodegradation was reported over 12 weeks with an initial acridine concentration of 14569.7 mg/landfarming chamber (3 kg)(5). The presence of 9-acridinone in groundwater samples possibly indicates that this compound may be the final product of the biodegradation of acridine in contaminated aquifers(6).

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

In a static bioconcentration test, a BCF value of 1300 was measured in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata(1). Rate constants for uptake and depuration were 40.8 and 0.031/hour, respectively(1). An equilibrium BCF of 30 was measured for acridine in Daphnia pulex; rate constants for uptake and depuration were 109.6 and 0.47/hour, respectively(2). A BCF value of 126 was measured in fathead minnows(3). Fathead minnows, exposed to 100 ug/L acridine in a flow-through spring water system, rapidly accumulated acridine directly from the water with concentrations of about 12 ug/g wet attained in the fish after 24 hours giving a BCF of 125(4). Further exposure did not result in higher levels of acridine in these fish(4). Rate constants for uptake and depuration were 14 and 0.112/hour, respectively(4). Uncontaminated water rapidly contained measurable concentrations of acridine once minnows containing this compound were added to the water; this suggests that acridine can be eliminated without metabolic alteration as well as through metabolic degradation(4). Minnows exposed to acridine-contaminated sediment and a low level of dissolved acridine did not accumulate much acridine from the sediment(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to very high depending on the aquatic organism studied(SRC); however, this compound appears to be readily depurated in several organisms. Mussels, Elliptio complanata, did not accumulate detectable concentrations of acridine following three weeks exposure to contaminated sediments in the St. Mary's River in 1985 (detection limit= 1 ug/kg wet weight)(6).

12.4 Mobility in soil

Fourteen soil and sediment samples, collected from the Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, and Illinois rivers and their watersheds had a wide range in pH (4.54-8.34), total clay (6.8 to 69.1%), organic carbon (0.11 to 2.38%), and expanding clay (2.0 to 60.0%). Koc values for acridine added to these soils/sediments ranged from 5500 to 30,909 with an average value of 12,910(1). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), these measured Koc values suggest that acridine will be immobile in soil(SRC). Adsorption of acridine to silica was measured in a continuous-flow column. The extent of adsorption was greater when the solution pH was below the pKa of acridine(pKa= 5.68(3)) than when it was above(4). Therefore, mobility should be greater in a sand soil when the pH is above the pKa of acridine and adsorption is greatest when the solution pH equals acridine's pKa(4). Sorption of acridine to two low organic carbon subsurface materials with similar properties but different equilibrium pH values when saturated with water was measured(5). Higher sorption was reported for the Loring subsoil (0.24% organic carbon, pH 4.85) than the Anvil Points subsoil (0.58% organic carbon, pH 8.15), consistent with compound ionization and preferential retention of the organic cation over the neutral compound(5).

12.5 Other adverse effects

no data available

13.Disposal considerations

13.1 Disposal methods

Product

The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Contaminated packaging

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

14.Transport information

14.1 UN Number

14.2 UN Proper Shipping Name

14.3 Transport hazard class(es)

14.4 Packing group, if applicable

14.5 Environmental hazards

14.6 Special precautions for user

no data available

14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code

no data available

15.Regulatory information

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question

16.Other information

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/

Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. We as supplier shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.